The Application Layer

The Application layer is the topmost layer in the hierarchy of the TCP/IP protocol suite. This layer is similar to the aggregated Session, Presentation, and Application layers of the OSI model. The protocols used in the Application layer are as follows:

• Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP): Transfers information in World Wide Web (www).
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP): Transmits files between two hosts, clients, and servers.
• Trivial File Transfer Protocol (TFTP): Works as the FTP base and is used to upload files.
• Telnet: Refers to a terminal emulation protocol which provides remote connectivity between two hosts. Telnet usually stands for Terminal Network.
• Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP): Transmits electronic mails (e-mails) that Consist of attachments.

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